This section of the website contains essays, book reviews, and links to material that discusses the ‘science’ of racism as it relates specifically to structures of American society.

The pages encourage discussion that is helpful in understanding how structures like the laws, regulations, court decisions, and the Constitution support and preserve American racism.

Introduction to Institutional Racism

The website builds a community based on three facts that social scientists have discovered about racism. The first is that our social organization is based on structures that humans create and sustain. This is sometimes called the social construction of reality. Regarding racism, this means people created it. People can end it.

Commemoration of the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre

American flag with white flag below flying in the breeze.

On October 20, 2024, at 9:30 a.m., descendants of the 1864 Sand Creek massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans gathered around a flagpole in Riverside Cemetery in Denver, Colorado. Ken Bedell shares his experience at the Commemoration of the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre and his visit to the History Colorado Center.

An African American and Latinx History of the United States

Book cover of "An African American and Latinx History of the United States" and author Paul Ortiz.

As the 2024 presidential election season gains momentum, and TV and radio talk shows, social media, and everyday pundits, as well as the candidates themselves, seem obsessed with the question of whether African Americans and Hispanics will vote for Trump or Biden, now is a good time to read and learn from Ortiz’s book.

There is more than enough history in “An African American and Latinx History of the United States” for all Americans in 2024 to talk with each other and to demand that the candidates for president discuss exactly what was great about America in the past and what would make America a great country in the future.

What does a vision for the future look like if it is grounded on a commitment to human rights around the world?