This section of the website contains essays, book reviews, and links to material that discusses the ‘science’ of racism as it relates specifically to structures of American society.

The pages encourage discussion that is helpful in understanding how structures like the laws, regulations, court decisions, and the Constitution support and preserve American racism.

Introduction to Institutional Racism

The website builds a community based on three facts that social scientists have discovered about racism. The first is that our social organization is based on structures that humans create and sustain. This is sometimes called the social construction of reality. Regarding racism, this means people created it. People can end it.

“I Feel Fire Inside”

Follow-Up on an MLK Symposium Program on Bayard Rustin

Last month, multiple organizations in Philadelphia honored Bayard Rustin’s crucial but overlooked contributions to the Civil Rights Movement. Read about the outcomes of this two-day event, where we gathered at the University of Pennsylvania to explore the reasons given for Rustin’s legacy being diminished, how these struggles fueled the AIDS crisis of the 1980s, and how social justice advocates are and can continue to apply the lessons learned from Rustin’s story.

The First 100 Days: I Will Not Be Afraid

Individual headshots of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Mariann E. Budde.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt is credited with initiating the concept of The First 100 Days during his radio address to the nation on July 24, 1933, as he announced the New Deal. The best lesson we can take for how to deal with the First 100 Days of this administration comes from him and Bishop Mariann Budde. Their approach to leadership requires acknowledging that fear must not be an option to action.

Jimmy Carter: Model and Inspiration

Jimmy Carter's presidential portrait

Former President Jimmy Carter died on December 29, 2024. Previously, his family reported he had fulfilled a desire to live long enough to cast an absentee ballot for a woman of color to become an American president. It should not surprise us that it was important to Carter that he take this personal action.

“In the Life”: Bayard Rustin and the Need for LGBTQ+ Solidarity

Multiple organizations in Philadelphia will join forces to organize a powerful two-day program honoring Bayard Rustin’s crucial but often overlooked contributions to the Civil Rights Movement. As Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s advisor and an openly gay Black man, Rustin faced significant erasure due to homophobia and political suspicion.

Commemoration of the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre

American flag with white flag below flying in the breeze.

On October 20, 2024, at 9:30 a.m., descendants of the 1864 Sand Creek massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans gathered around a flagpole in Riverside Cemetery in Denver, Colorado. Ken Bedell shares his experience at the Commemoration of the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre and his visit to the History Colorado Center.